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{{Infobox Person
{{Infobox Person
|name = Trevor Milton
|name = Trevor Milton
|birth_date = 1982-04-06
|birth_date = April 6, 1982
|birth_place = Layton, Utah
|birth_place = Las Vegas, Nevada
|charges = Securities fraud, wire fraud (2 counts)
|charges = Securities fraud, Wire fraud
|sentence = 4 years (pardoned)
|sentence = 4 years
|facility = N/A (pardoned before serving)
|facility = Pending designation
|status = Pardoned (2025)
|status = Sentenced (appeal pending)
}}
}}


'''Trevor Milton''' (born April 6, 1982) is an American entrepreneur and convicted fraudster who founded Nikola Corporation, an electric and hydrogen-powered vehicle company. In December 2023, Milton was sentenced to four years in federal prison after being convicted of securities and wire fraud for making false statements to investors about Nikolas technology and business operations. In March 2025, President Donald Trump granted Milton a full pardon before he began serving his sentence.<ref name="doj-sentence">U.S. Department of Justice, "Trevor Milton Sentenced To Four Years In Prison For Securities Fraud Scheme," December 18, 2023, https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/trevor-milton-sentenced-four-years-prison-securities-fraud-scheme.</ref>
'''Trevor Ray Milton''' (born April 6, 1982) is an American entrepreneur and convicted fraudster who founded Nikola Corporation, an electric and hydrogen-powered truck company.<ref name="nyt-conviction">The New York Times, "Nikola Founder Trevor Milton Convicted of Fraud," October 14, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/14/business/nikola-trevor-milton-fraud-verdict.html.</ref> Milton was convicted in October 2022 of securities fraud and wire fraud for making false statements about Nikola's technology to investors, including claims about the company's ability to produce hydrogen fuel cells and fully functional electric trucks. In December 2023, he was sentenced to four years in federal prison.<ref name="ap-sentence">Associated Press, "Nikola founder Trevor Milton sentenced to 4 years in prison," December 18, 2023.</ref>


== Early Life ==
== Summary ==


Trevor Milton was born on April 6, 1982, in Layton, Utah. He was raised in the Salt Lake City area as a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Milton did not complete college, instead pursuing entrepreneurial ventures beginning in his early twenties.
Trevor Milton founded Nikola in 2014 and built it into one of the most highly valued startups in the automotive sector, with a market capitalization that briefly exceeded $30 billion in 2020. Milton promoted Nikola as a revolutionary company that would transform the trucking industry with zero-emission vehicles. However, federal prosecutors established that Milton made numerous false and misleading statements about the company's technology, partnerships, and production capabilities, deceiving investors into pouring money into the company.<ref name="nyt-conviction" />


Before founding Nikola, Milton started several businesses, including dHybrid Systems, which focused on natural gas fuel systems for vehicles. He sold dHybrid in 2014 for a reported $15 million, providing him with capital and experience in the alternative fuel vehicle sector.
The case became emblematic of concerns about hype and fraud in the electric vehicle and clean energy sectors during a period of intense investor interest in such companies. Milton's conviction followed similar scrutiny of other electric vehicle startups and their founders' public claims.<ref name="ap-sentence" />


== Nikola Corporation ==
== Background ==


=== Founding and Vision ===
Milton was born on April 6, 1982, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Before founding Nikola, he started several businesses including dHybrid Systems, which focused on alternative fuel systems for vehicles. He sold that company in 2014 and founded Nikola Corporation, naming it after inventor Nikola Tesla.<ref name="bio-milton">Forbes, "Trevor Milton Profile," 2020.</ref>


In 2014, Milton founded Nikola Corporation (originally Nikola Motor Company), naming the company after inventor Nikola Tesla. Milton positioned Nikola as a revolutionary company that would transform the trucking industry through hydrogen fuel cell and electric powertrains.<ref name="cnn-sentence">CNN Business, "Nikola founder Trevor Milton sentenced to four years in prison for defrauding investors," December 18, 2023, https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/18/business/trevor-milton-nikola-sentenced/index.html.</ref>
Milton positioned Nikola as a competitor to Tesla in the commercial trucking sector, focusing on hydrogen fuel cell technology rather than purely battery-electric vehicles. He cultivated a public persona as a visionary entrepreneur, making bold claims about Nikola's technology and future production on social media and in presentations to investors. The company went public through a merger with a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) in June 2020, briefly making Milton a multi-billionaire on paper.<ref name="nyt-conviction" />


The company unveiled the "Nikola One," a concept semi-truck that Milton claimed was a fully functioning prototype. Milton made sweeping promises about the trucks capabilities and Nikolas technological advancement, generating significant media attention and investor interest.
== Indictment, Prosecution, and Sentencing ==


=== Going Public ===
=== The Fraud ===


In June 2020, Nikola went public through a merger with VectoIQ Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC). Following the merger, Nikolas stock price soared, briefly giving the company a market capitalization exceeding $30 billion—more than Ford Motor Company at the time—despite having no revenue and no commercially available products.
Federal prosecutors charged that Milton made false statements about virtually every aspect of Nikola's business. These included claims that the company had developed proprietary technology when it had not, that it had binding orders from customers when those commitments were nonbinding expressions of interest, and that prototypes shown to investors were fully functional when they were not.<ref name="doj-milton">U.S. Department of Justice, "Former Nikola Corp. CEO Trevor Milton Convicted of Fraud For Lying To Investors About Products And Technology Of Electric/Hydrogen-Powered Truck Company," October 14, 2022.</ref>


Milton became a billionaire on paper and was celebrated as a visionary in the electric vehicle industry. He appeared frequently in media interviews, promoting Nikolas technology and future prospects.
The most notorious example involved a promotional video showing a Nikola truck apparently driving under its own power. It was later revealed that the truck had been towed to the top of a hill and filmed rolling downhill—it had no working drivetrain. Milton had approved the video while knowing it misrepresented the truck's capabilities.<ref name="nyt-conviction" />


== The Fraud Scheme ==
=== Trial and Conviction ===


=== False Statements to Investors ===
Milton was indicted on securities fraud and wire fraud charges in July 2021. His trial took place in September and October 2022 in U.S. District Court in Manhattan. On October 14, 2022, the jury found Milton guilty on one count of securities fraud and two counts of wire fraud, while acquitting him on one wire fraud count.<ref name="nyt-conviction" />


Federal prosecutors established that from at least November 2019 through September 2020, Milton engaged in a scheme to defraud investors by inducing them to purchase shares of Nikola through false and misleading statements made via social media, television interviews, print media, and podcasts.<ref name="doj-sentence" />
=== Sentencing ===


Miltons false statements included claims that:
On December 18, 2023, U.S. District Judge Edgardo Ramos sentenced Milton to four years in federal prison. The sentence was below the range recommended by prosecutors but above the probation sought by the defense. Judge Ramos noted that Milton's lies caused real harm to investors who relied on his statements. Milton was also ordered to pay a $1 million fine and forfeit $5 million.<ref name="ap-sentence" />
* The "Nikola One" semi-truck was a fully functioning prototype when it was actually inoperable
* Nikola had built a hydrogen-powered pickup truck called "the Badger" from the ground up using Nikolas own technology
* Nikola was producing hydrogen at company facilities when no hydrogen was being produced
* Truck reservations represented binding orders when they could actually be cancelled at any time


=== The Rolling Truck Video ===
Milton has appealed his conviction and sentencing and remains free pending the outcome of his appeal.


One of the most damaging revelations involved a promotional video that appeared to show the Nikola One driving on a highway. Prosecutors revealed that the truck was not powered by its own drivetrain—instead, it was towed to the top of a hill and rolled down with the brakes released to create the illusion of a functioning vehicle.<ref name="yahoo-sentence">Yahoo Finance, "Nikola founder Trevor Milton gets 4 years in prison for fraud," December 2023, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nikola-founder-trevor-milton-gets-4-years-in-prison-for-fraud-201958325.html.</ref>
== Public Statements and Positions ==


The video was released with the knowledge of Milton and was designed to deceive investors about the companys technological progress.
Throughout his prosecution, Milton maintained his innocence, characterizing the charges as government overreach and arguing that any misstatements were inadvertent rather than intentional fraud. His defense argued that he genuinely believed Nikola's technology would succeed and that he was a visionary entrepreneur rather than a con man.<ref name="nyt-conviction" />


=== Hindenburg Research Report ===
At sentencing, Milton's attorneys emphasized his charitable work and argued that no investors lost money because of his statements since Nikola's stock price is influenced by many factors. Prosecutors countered that his lies were material and intentional and that investors were entitled to accurate information regardless of other market factors.<ref name="ap-sentence" />


In September 2020, short-seller Hindenburg Research published a report titled "Nikola: How to Parlay An Ocean of Lies Into a Partnership With the Largest Auto OEM in America." The report detailed numerous alleged falsehoods by Milton and questioned the companys technological claims.<ref name="deseret-sentence">Deseret News, "Utah native and Nikola Corp. founder Trevor Milton headed to prison after fraud conviction," December 18, 2023, https://www.deseret.com/2023/12/18/24006867/utah-native-and-nikola-corp-founder-trevor-milton-headed-to-prison-after-fraud-conviction-theranos/.</ref>
== Terminology ==


The report triggered a Department of Justice investigation and SEC inquiry. Within days, Milton resigned as Executive Chairman of Nikola.
* '''Securities Fraud''': Criminal conduct involving deception in connection with the purchase or sale of securities, including material misrepresentations to investors.


== Trial and Conviction ==
* '''Wire Fraud''': A federal crime involving the use of electronic communications to execute a scheme to defraud.


=== Indictment ===
* '''SPAC''': A Special Purpose Acquisition Company, a shell company formed to raise capital through an initial public offering for the purpose of acquiring an existing company.


In July 2021, federal prosecutors in the Southern District of New York indicted Milton on charges of securities fraud and wire fraud. The SEC also filed civil charges against him.
== See also ==


=== Trial ===
* [[Elizabeth_Holmes|Elizabeth Holmes]]
* [[Prison_Consultants|Prison Consultants]]


Miltons criminal trial took place in September and October 2022 in federal court in Manhattan. Prosecutors presented evidence of Miltons false statements and the impact on investors who purchased Nikola stock based on those representations.
== References ==
 
On October 14, 2022, after approximately three weeks of trial and several days of deliberation, the jury found Milton guilty on one count of securities fraud and two counts of wire fraud. He was acquitted on one count of wire fraud.<ref name="abc-sentence">ABC15, "Nikola founder Trevor Milton sentenced to 4 years in prison for fraud," December 2023, https://www.abc15.com/news/business/nikola-founder-trevor-milton-sentenced-to-4-years-in-prison-for-fraud.</ref>
 
== Sentencing ==
 
On December 18, 2023, U.S. District Judge Edgardo Ramos sentenced Milton to four years in federal prison. In addition to the prison term, the court ordered Milton to pay approximately $168 million in restitution to victims and a $1 million fine.<ref name="doj-sentence" />
 
Prosecutors stated that retail investors lost more than $660 million as a result of Miltons fraud.
 
U.S. Attorney Damian Williams stated: Trevor Milton lied to investors again and again—on social media, on television, on podcasts, and in print. But todays sentence should be a warning to startup founders and corporate executives everywhere—fake it till you make it is not an excuse for fraud.
 
Milton remained free on bond pending appeal of his conviction.
 
== Presidential Pardon ==
 
On March 28, 2025, President Donald Trump granted Milton a full presidential pardon before Milton was required to report to prison to serve his sentence.<ref name="axios-pardon">Axios, "Trump pardons Nikola founder Trevor Milton," March 28, 2025, https://www.axios.com/2025/03/28/trump-pardons-nikola-founder-trevor-milton.</ref>
 
The pardon eliminated Miltons prison sentence and his obligation to pay restitution to the investors who lost money due to his fraud. Federal records showed that Milton and his wife had contributed more than $1.8 million to Trumps 2024 reelection campaign in October 2024.


The pardon drew criticism from legal observers and investor advocates who noted that victims of Miltons fraud would not receive compensation as a result of the presidential action.
== Impact on Nikola Corporation ==
Following Miltons resignation and the fraud revelations, Nikola Corporation underwent significant changes. The company replaced leadership and refocused its business plan. While Nikola continued to operate and eventually produced some commercial vehicles, its stock price declined dramatically from its 2020 peak, and the company struggled to meet investor expectations.
== References ==
<references />
<references />


[[Category:High-Profile Federal Offenders]]
[[Category:High-Profile_Federal_Offenders]]
[[Category:White_Collar_Crime]]

Revision as of 04:08, 22 November 2025

Trevor Milton
Born: April 6, 1982
Las Vegas, Nevada
Charges: Securities fraud, Wire fraud
Sentence: 4 years
Facility: Pending designation
Status: Sentenced (appeal pending)


Trevor Ray Milton (born April 6, 1982) is an American entrepreneur and convicted fraudster who founded Nikola Corporation, an electric and hydrogen-powered truck company.[1] Milton was convicted in October 2022 of securities fraud and wire fraud for making false statements about Nikola's technology to investors, including claims about the company's ability to produce hydrogen fuel cells and fully functional electric trucks. In December 2023, he was sentenced to four years in federal prison.[2]

Summary

Trevor Milton founded Nikola in 2014 and built it into one of the most highly valued startups in the automotive sector, with a market capitalization that briefly exceeded $30 billion in 2020. Milton promoted Nikola as a revolutionary company that would transform the trucking industry with zero-emission vehicles. However, federal prosecutors established that Milton made numerous false and misleading statements about the company's technology, partnerships, and production capabilities, deceiving investors into pouring money into the company.[1]

The case became emblematic of concerns about hype and fraud in the electric vehicle and clean energy sectors during a period of intense investor interest in such companies. Milton's conviction followed similar scrutiny of other electric vehicle startups and their founders' public claims.[2]

Background

Milton was born on April 6, 1982, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Before founding Nikola, he started several businesses including dHybrid Systems, which focused on alternative fuel systems for vehicles. He sold that company in 2014 and founded Nikola Corporation, naming it after inventor Nikola Tesla.[3]

Milton positioned Nikola as a competitor to Tesla in the commercial trucking sector, focusing on hydrogen fuel cell technology rather than purely battery-electric vehicles. He cultivated a public persona as a visionary entrepreneur, making bold claims about Nikola's technology and future production on social media and in presentations to investors. The company went public through a merger with a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) in June 2020, briefly making Milton a multi-billionaire on paper.[1]

Indictment, Prosecution, and Sentencing

The Fraud

Federal prosecutors charged that Milton made false statements about virtually every aspect of Nikola's business. These included claims that the company had developed proprietary technology when it had not, that it had binding orders from customers when those commitments were nonbinding expressions of interest, and that prototypes shown to investors were fully functional when they were not.[4]

The most notorious example involved a promotional video showing a Nikola truck apparently driving under its own power. It was later revealed that the truck had been towed to the top of a hill and filmed rolling downhill—it had no working drivetrain. Milton had approved the video while knowing it misrepresented the truck's capabilities.[1]

Trial and Conviction

Milton was indicted on securities fraud and wire fraud charges in July 2021. His trial took place in September and October 2022 in U.S. District Court in Manhattan. On October 14, 2022, the jury found Milton guilty on one count of securities fraud and two counts of wire fraud, while acquitting him on one wire fraud count.[1]

Sentencing

On December 18, 2023, U.S. District Judge Edgardo Ramos sentenced Milton to four years in federal prison. The sentence was below the range recommended by prosecutors but above the probation sought by the defense. Judge Ramos noted that Milton's lies caused real harm to investors who relied on his statements. Milton was also ordered to pay a $1 million fine and forfeit $5 million.[2]

Milton has appealed his conviction and sentencing and remains free pending the outcome of his appeal.

Public Statements and Positions

Throughout his prosecution, Milton maintained his innocence, characterizing the charges as government overreach and arguing that any misstatements were inadvertent rather than intentional fraud. His defense argued that he genuinely believed Nikola's technology would succeed and that he was a visionary entrepreneur rather than a con man.[1]

At sentencing, Milton's attorneys emphasized his charitable work and argued that no investors lost money because of his statements since Nikola's stock price is influenced by many factors. Prosecutors countered that his lies were material and intentional and that investors were entitled to accurate information regardless of other market factors.[2]

Terminology

  • Securities Fraud: Criminal conduct involving deception in connection with the purchase or sale of securities, including material misrepresentations to investors.
  • Wire Fraud: A federal crime involving the use of electronic communications to execute a scheme to defraud.
  • SPAC: A Special Purpose Acquisition Company, a shell company formed to raise capital through an initial public offering for the purpose of acquiring an existing company.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The New York Times, "Nikola Founder Trevor Milton Convicted of Fraud," October 14, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/14/business/nikola-trevor-milton-fraud-verdict.html.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Associated Press, "Nikola founder Trevor Milton sentenced to 4 years in prison," December 18, 2023.
  3. Forbes, "Trevor Milton Profile," 2020.
  4. U.S. Department of Justice, "Former Nikola Corp. CEO Trevor Milton Convicted of Fraud For Lying To Investors About Products And Technology Of Electric/Hydrogen-Powered Truck Company," October 14, 2022.