Dinesh D'Souza: Difference between revisions
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|birth_date = April 25, 1961 | |birth_date = April 25, 1961 | ||
|birth_place = Mumbai, India | |birth_place = Mumbai, India | ||
|charges = Campaign finance | |charges = Campaign finance fraud | ||
|sentence = 5 years probation, 8 months community confinement | |sentence = 5 years probation, 8 months community confinement | ||
|status = Pardoned | |facility = Community confinement center | ||
|status = Pardoned | |||
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'''Dinesh Joseph D'Souza''' (born April 25, 1961) is an Indian-American conservative author | '''Dinesh Joseph D'Souza''' (born April 25, 1961) is an Indian-American conservative political commentator, author, and filmmaker who pleaded guilty in 2014 to federal campaign finance fraud and was subsequently pardoned by President Donald Trump in 2018.<ref name="fbi-sentence">FBI, "Dinesh D'Souza Sentenced in Manhattan Federal Court to Five Years of Probation for Campaign Finance Fraud," September 23, 2014, https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/newyork/news/press-releases/dinesh-dsouza-sentenced-in-manhattan-federal-court-to-five-years-of-probation-for-campaign-finance-fraud.</ref> D'Souza admitted to illegally reimbursing two associates who made campaign contributions at his direction to the 2012 U.S. Senate campaign of Wendy Long, thereby circumventing federal limits on individual campaign contributions. He was sentenced to five years of probation, including eight months in a community confinement center, weekly community service, mandatory counseling, and a $30,000 fine.<ref name="fbi-sentence" /> President Trump pardoned D'Souza on May 31, 2018, stating that he had been "treated very unfairly by our government" and was a victim of "selective prosecution"—a claim that the sentencing judge had previously rejected as having "all hat, no cattle."<ref name="npr-pardon">NPR, "Trump Pardons Dinesh D'Souza, Who Pleaded Guilty To Campaign Finance Fraud," May 31, 2018, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/31/615759943/trump-says-hell-pardon-dinesh-dsouza-who-pleaded-guilty-to-campaign-finance-frau.</ref> | ||
== Summary == | == Summary == | ||
Dinesh D'Souza | Dinesh D'Souza's campaign finance conviction and subsequent pardon became a flashpoint in broader debates about political prosecutions, presidential clemency, and the application of campaign finance laws. A prominent conservative intellectual and provocateur, D'Souza had built a career as an author, speaker, and filmmaker known for his critiques of liberalism, the Democratic Party, and progressive policies. His 2012 documentary "2016: Obama's America," which argued that President Barack Obama's worldview was shaped by anti-colonial ideology inherited from his father, became one of the highest-grossing political documentaries in American history.<ref name="wiki-dsouza">Wikipedia, "Dinesh D'Souza," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza.</ref> | ||
D'Souza's | The campaign finance case arose from D'Souza's support for Wendy Long, a conservative candidate challenging Democratic Senator Kirsten Gillibrand in New York in 2012. D'Souza wanted to contribute more than the legal limit of $5,000 allowed per individual per candidate, so he arranged for two associates—his assistant and a woman with whom he was romantically involved—to make contributions totaling $20,000, which he then reimbursed. This "straw donor" scheme violated federal laws designed to ensure transparency in campaign financing.<ref name="fbi-sentence" /> | ||
D'Souza pleaded guilty while simultaneously arguing that his prosecution was politically motivated—retaliation by the Obama administration for his critical documentary. The sentencing judge rejected this selective prosecution defense, finding no evidence of political targeting. However, President Trump later embraced D'Souza's narrative, citing selective prosecution as the basis for his pardon and drawing criticism from those who saw the pardon as undermining the rule of law.<ref name="wapo-pardon">Washington Post, "Trump pardons conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, suggests others also could receive clemency," May 31, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-offers-pardon-to-conservative-pundit-dinesh-dsouza-for-campaign-finance-violations/2018/05/31/b4939a08-64d5-11e8-a768-ed043e33f1dc_story.html.</ref> | |||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
D'Souza was born on April 25, 1961, in Mumbai, India, and | === Early Life and Education === | ||
Dinesh Joseph D'Souza was born on April 25, 1961, in Mumbai, India (then Bombay). His family was Goan Catholic, and he was raised in the Christian faith. The family emigrated to the United States when D'Souza was a teenager, and he became a naturalized U.S. citizen.<ref name="wiki-dsouza" /> | |||
D'Souza attended Dartmouth College, where he became involved in conservative politics and journalism. He was an editor of the Dartmouth Review, a conservative student newspaper known for its provocative content and clashes with the college administration. His work at the Review brought him to the attention of conservative intellectuals and launched his career in right-wing media and policy circles.<ref name="wiki-dsouza" /> | |||
=== Career in Conservative Media === | |||
D'Souza | After graduating from Dartmouth, D'Souza built a career as a conservative author, policy analyst, and commentator. He worked at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank, and served briefly in the Reagan administration as a policy analyst. He wrote numerous books on topics including race, education, Christianity, and American politics, several of which became bestsellers and sparked significant controversy.<ref name="wiki-dsouza" /> | ||
D'Souza's profile rose dramatically with the release of his 2012 documentary "2016: Obama's America," co-directed with John Sullivan. The film, released during President Obama's reelection campaign, argued that Obama's policies were rooted in an anti-colonial worldview inherited from his Kenyan father. Despite mixed critical reception, the documentary grossed over $33 million at the box office, making it one of the highest-grossing political documentaries ever produced. The film established D'Souza as a significant figure in conservative media and brought him into direct conflict with the Obama administration's supporters.<ref name="wiki-dsouza" /> | |||
== Indictment, Prosecution, and Sentencing == | == Indictment, Prosecution, and Sentencing == | ||
=== Campaign Finance Violation === | === The Campaign Finance Violation === | ||
In 2012, Wendy Long, a conservative attorney, ran as the Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in New York against incumbent Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand. D'Souza, a friend and supporter of Long, wanted to contribute to her campaign but faced a legal obstacle: federal law at the time limited individual contributions to any one candidate to $5,000 per election cycle.<ref name="fbi-sentence" /> | |||
Rather than accept this limit, D'Souza arranged for two associates—his assistant and a woman with whom he was romantically involved (who would later become his second wife)—to make contributions of $10,000 each to Long's campaign. D'Souza then reimbursed both associates for their contributions, effectively circumventing the contribution limits by using "straw donors" to mask the true source of the funds.<ref name="politifact-facts">PolitiFact, "The facts behind Donald Trump's pardoning Dinesh D'Souza," May 31, 2018, https://www.politifact.com/article/2018/may/31/facts-behind-donald-trumps-pardoning-dinesh-dsouza/.</ref> | |||
Federal investigators discovered the scheme through routine review of campaign finance records. D'Souza was indicted in January 2014 on charges of making illegal campaign contributions through straw donors and causing false statements to be made to federal authorities regarding the contributions.<ref name="fbi-sentence" /> | |||
=== Guilty Plea === | |||
In May 2014, D'Souza pleaded guilty to one count of making illegal campaign contributions. During the plea proceeding, D'Souza admitted that he had caused two close associates to contribute $10,000 each to the Long campaign with the understanding that he would reimburse them. He also admitted that he knew his conduct was wrong and something the law forbids.<ref name="fbi-sentence" /> | |||
D'Souza's guilty plea was accompanied by claims that his prosecution was politically motivated—retaliation by the Obama administration for his critical documentary. His defense team filed motions seeking dismissal based on selective prosecution, arguing that D'Souza had been singled out for prosecution while other campaign finance violators were treated more leniently. The judge conducted an evidentiary hearing on the selective prosecution claim before ultimately rejecting it.<ref name="politifact-facts" /> | |||
=== Sentencing === | |||
On September 23, 2014, U.S. District Judge Richard Berman sentenced D'Souza to five years of probation, with eight months during the first year to be spent in a community confinement center (essentially a halfway house rather than a traditional prison). The judge also ordered D'Souza to complete eight hours of community service each week throughout his probation, attend weekly counseling sessions, and pay a $30,000 fine.<ref name="fbi-sentence" /> | |||
At sentencing, Judge Berman explicitly rejected D'Souza's selective prosecution claims, calling them "all hat, no cattle"—meaning they had no substance behind them. The judge found no evidence that D'Souza had been targeted for prosecution because of his political views or his documentary. The sentence was designed to punish D'Souza's violation of campaign finance law while avoiding a traditional prison term that would have been more disruptive to his life.<ref name="npr-pardon" /> | |||
== Community Confinement == | |||
= | D'Souza served his eight months of community confinement at a facility in San Diego, where he was required to reside overnight while being permitted to leave during the day for work and other approved activities. Community confinement is a less restrictive form of custody than imprisonment, but it still involves supervision, mandatory residence at the facility, and restrictions on movement and activities.<ref name="wiki-dsouza" /> | ||
= | D'Souza completed his community service requirements, which involved volunteer work at a variety of charitable organizations. He also attended the mandated weekly counseling sessions throughout his probation period. He completed his probation without incident.<ref name="wiki-dsouza" /> | ||
== Presidential Pardon == | |||
=== | === Trump's Decision === | ||
On May 31, 2018, President Donald Trump announced via Twitter that he would issue a full pardon to Dinesh D'Souza. Trump stated that D'Souza had been "treated very unfairly by our government" and characterized the prosecution as politically motivated.<ref name="cnbc-pardon">CNBC, "Trump will pardon conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, who was convicted of campaign finance violation," May 31, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/31/trump-will-pardon-conservative-pundit-dinesh-dsouza-who-was-convicted-for.html.</ref> | |||
The White House later issued a formal statement explaining the pardon: "Mr. D'Souza was, in the President's opinion, a victim of selective prosecution for violations of campaign finance laws. Mr. D'Souza accepted responsibility for his actions, and also combatted combated what combated what he believed combated what he believed to be an unfair prosecution."<ref name="wh-statement">White House Archives, "Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding the Pardon of Dinesh D'Souza," May 31, 2018, https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-pardon-dinesh-dsouza/.</ref> | |||
The pardon erased D'Souza's felony conviction and restored any rights that had been affected by it. Unlike a commutation, which reduces a sentence but leaves the conviction in place, a pardon is a complete forgiveness of the offense. | |||
=== Reaction === | |||
The pardon generated immediate controversy. Critics argued that Trump was using his pardon power to reward a political ally and send a message to others that campaign finance violations would be tolerated—or even rewarded—if the violator was politically aligned with the president.<ref name="wapo-pardon" /> | |||
Preet Bharara, the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York who had prosecuted D'Souza, responded to the pardon by reiterating that the prosecution had been handled in the normal course of business with no political interference. Bharara noted that D'Souza had pleaded guilty and that the judge had rejected his selective prosecution claims after a full hearing.<ref name="npr-pardon" /> | |||
New York Attorney General Barbara Underwood issued a statement condemning the pardon: "President Trump is undermining the rule of law by pardoning a political supporter who is an unapologetic convicted felon."<ref name="npr-pardon" /> | |||
Supporters of the pardon, including many conservative commentators, argued that D'Souza had been treated more harshly than other campaign finance violators and that the pardon appropriately corrected an injustice. They pointed to instances where other individuals accused of campaign finance violations had received civil penalties rather than criminal prosecution.<ref name="politifact-facts" /> | |||
== Post-Pardon Career == | |||
Following his pardon, D'Souza has continued his career as a conservative commentator, author, and filmmaker. He has produced several additional documentaries and written multiple books promoting conservative viewpoints and critiquing progressive politics. His work frequently references his conviction and pardon as evidence of political persecution of conservatives.<ref name="wiki-dsouza" /> | |||
D'Souza has been criticized for attacking other political figures who have received pardons, leading some to accuse him of hypocrisy given his own acceptance of presidential clemency. In particular, his criticism of President Joe Biden's pardon of his son Hunter Biden drew responses noting D'Souza's own pardon from President Trump.<ref name="yahoo-hunter">Yahoo News, "Trump-pardoned filmmaker Dinesh D'Souza flamed for attacking Biden for pardoning son," 2024, https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-pardoned-filmmaker-dinesh-d-021440550.html.</ref> | |||
== Public Statements and Positions == | == Public Statements and Positions == | ||
D'Souza | Throughout his prosecution and afterward, D'Souza maintained that while he broke the law, his prosecution was politically motivated retaliation for his criticism of President Obama. He has characterized himself as a political prisoner and victim of a weaponized justice system, arguments that have resonated with many conservatives who share his distrust of federal law enforcement. | ||
On campaign finance law, D'Souza has argued that the laws are overly complex and that his violation, while technically illegal, caused no real harm to anyone. He has minimized the seriousness of straw donor schemes while acknowledging that he knew his conduct was prohibited. | |||
D'Souza has expressed gratitude to President Trump for the pardon and has remained a vocal supporter of Trump and the broader conservative movement. His work continues to provoke controversy, with critics accusing him of promoting conspiracy theories and misinformation while supporters praise him for challenging progressive orthodoxies.<ref name="wiki-dsouza" /> | |||
== Terminology == | == Terminology == | ||
* '''Straw Donor''': A person who makes a campaign contribution | * '''Straw Donor''': A person who makes a campaign contribution using money provided by someone else, thereby disguising the true source of the funds. | ||
* '''Campaign Finance Law''': Federal and state laws regulating contributions to and spending by political campaigns, designed to prevent corruption and ensure transparency. | |||
* '''Selective Prosecution''': A defense claiming that a defendant was singled out for prosecution based on improper factors such as political views, race, or religion. | |||
* ''' | * '''Presidential Pardon''': An executive action forgiving a federal crime and restoring civil rights affected by the conviction. | ||
* ''' | * '''Community Confinement''': A form of custody in which an offender resides at a supervised facility but may leave for approved activities. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[ | * [[Steve_Bannon|Steve Bannon]] | ||
* [[Prison_Consultants|Prison Consultants]] | * [[Prison_Consultants|Prison Consultants]] | ||
* [[White_Collar_Crime|White Collar Crime]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 70: | Line 117: | ||
[[Category:High-Profile_Federal_Offenders]] | [[Category:High-Profile_Federal_Offenders]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:White_Collar_Crime]] | ||
Revision as of 05:34, 22 November 2025
| Dinesh D'Souza | |
|---|---|
| Born: | April 25, 1961 Mumbai, India |
| Charges: | Campaign finance fraud |
| Sentence: | 5 years probation, 8 months community confinement |
| Facility: | Community confinement center |
| Status: | Pardoned |
Dinesh Joseph D'Souza (born April 25, 1961) is an Indian-American conservative political commentator, author, and filmmaker who pleaded guilty in 2014 to federal campaign finance fraud and was subsequently pardoned by President Donald Trump in 2018.[1] D'Souza admitted to illegally reimbursing two associates who made campaign contributions at his direction to the 2012 U.S. Senate campaign of Wendy Long, thereby circumventing federal limits on individual campaign contributions. He was sentenced to five years of probation, including eight months in a community confinement center, weekly community service, mandatory counseling, and a $30,000 fine.[1] President Trump pardoned D'Souza on May 31, 2018, stating that he had been "treated very unfairly by our government" and was a victim of "selective prosecution"—a claim that the sentencing judge had previously rejected as having "all hat, no cattle."[2]
Summary
Dinesh D'Souza's campaign finance conviction and subsequent pardon became a flashpoint in broader debates about political prosecutions, presidential clemency, and the application of campaign finance laws. A prominent conservative intellectual and provocateur, D'Souza had built a career as an author, speaker, and filmmaker known for his critiques of liberalism, the Democratic Party, and progressive policies. His 2012 documentary "2016: Obama's America," which argued that President Barack Obama's worldview was shaped by anti-colonial ideology inherited from his father, became one of the highest-grossing political documentaries in American history.[3]
The campaign finance case arose from D'Souza's support for Wendy Long, a conservative candidate challenging Democratic Senator Kirsten Gillibrand in New York in 2012. D'Souza wanted to contribute more than the legal limit of $5,000 allowed per individual per candidate, so he arranged for two associates—his assistant and a woman with whom he was romantically involved—to make contributions totaling $20,000, which he then reimbursed. This "straw donor" scheme violated federal laws designed to ensure transparency in campaign financing.[1]
D'Souza pleaded guilty while simultaneously arguing that his prosecution was politically motivated—retaliation by the Obama administration for his critical documentary. The sentencing judge rejected this selective prosecution defense, finding no evidence of political targeting. However, President Trump later embraced D'Souza's narrative, citing selective prosecution as the basis for his pardon and drawing criticism from those who saw the pardon as undermining the rule of law.[4]
Background
Early Life and Education
Dinesh Joseph D'Souza was born on April 25, 1961, in Mumbai, India (then Bombay). His family was Goan Catholic, and he was raised in the Christian faith. The family emigrated to the United States when D'Souza was a teenager, and he became a naturalized U.S. citizen.[3]
D'Souza attended Dartmouth College, where he became involved in conservative politics and journalism. He was an editor of the Dartmouth Review, a conservative student newspaper known for its provocative content and clashes with the college administration. His work at the Review brought him to the attention of conservative intellectuals and launched his career in right-wing media and policy circles.[3]
Career in Conservative Media
After graduating from Dartmouth, D'Souza built a career as a conservative author, policy analyst, and commentator. He worked at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank, and served briefly in the Reagan administration as a policy analyst. He wrote numerous books on topics including race, education, Christianity, and American politics, several of which became bestsellers and sparked significant controversy.[3]
D'Souza's profile rose dramatically with the release of his 2012 documentary "2016: Obama's America," co-directed with John Sullivan. The film, released during President Obama's reelection campaign, argued that Obama's policies were rooted in an anti-colonial worldview inherited from his Kenyan father. Despite mixed critical reception, the documentary grossed over $33 million at the box office, making it one of the highest-grossing political documentaries ever produced. The film established D'Souza as a significant figure in conservative media and brought him into direct conflict with the Obama administration's supporters.[3]
Indictment, Prosecution, and Sentencing
The Campaign Finance Violation
In 2012, Wendy Long, a conservative attorney, ran as the Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in New York against incumbent Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand. D'Souza, a friend and supporter of Long, wanted to contribute to her campaign but faced a legal obstacle: federal law at the time limited individual contributions to any one candidate to $5,000 per election cycle.[1]
Rather than accept this limit, D'Souza arranged for two associates—his assistant and a woman with whom he was romantically involved (who would later become his second wife)—to make contributions of $10,000 each to Long's campaign. D'Souza then reimbursed both associates for their contributions, effectively circumventing the contribution limits by using "straw donors" to mask the true source of the funds.[5]
Federal investigators discovered the scheme through routine review of campaign finance records. D'Souza was indicted in January 2014 on charges of making illegal campaign contributions through straw donors and causing false statements to be made to federal authorities regarding the contributions.[1]
Guilty Plea
In May 2014, D'Souza pleaded guilty to one count of making illegal campaign contributions. During the plea proceeding, D'Souza admitted that he had caused two close associates to contribute $10,000 each to the Long campaign with the understanding that he would reimburse them. He also admitted that he knew his conduct was wrong and something the law forbids.[1]
D'Souza's guilty plea was accompanied by claims that his prosecution was politically motivated—retaliation by the Obama administration for his critical documentary. His defense team filed motions seeking dismissal based on selective prosecution, arguing that D'Souza had been singled out for prosecution while other campaign finance violators were treated more leniently. The judge conducted an evidentiary hearing on the selective prosecution claim before ultimately rejecting it.[5]
Sentencing
On September 23, 2014, U.S. District Judge Richard Berman sentenced D'Souza to five years of probation, with eight months during the first year to be spent in a community confinement center (essentially a halfway house rather than a traditional prison). The judge also ordered D'Souza to complete eight hours of community service each week throughout his probation, attend weekly counseling sessions, and pay a $30,000 fine.[1]
At sentencing, Judge Berman explicitly rejected D'Souza's selective prosecution claims, calling them "all hat, no cattle"—meaning they had no substance behind them. The judge found no evidence that D'Souza had been targeted for prosecution because of his political views or his documentary. The sentence was designed to punish D'Souza's violation of campaign finance law while avoiding a traditional prison term that would have been more disruptive to his life.[2]
Community Confinement
D'Souza served his eight months of community confinement at a facility in San Diego, where he was required to reside overnight while being permitted to leave during the day for work and other approved activities. Community confinement is a less restrictive form of custody than imprisonment, but it still involves supervision, mandatory residence at the facility, and restrictions on movement and activities.[3]
D'Souza completed his community service requirements, which involved volunteer work at a variety of charitable organizations. He also attended the mandated weekly counseling sessions throughout his probation period. He completed his probation without incident.[3]
Presidential Pardon
Trump's Decision
On May 31, 2018, President Donald Trump announced via Twitter that he would issue a full pardon to Dinesh D'Souza. Trump stated that D'Souza had been "treated very unfairly by our government" and characterized the prosecution as politically motivated.[6]
The White House later issued a formal statement explaining the pardon: "Mr. D'Souza was, in the President's opinion, a victim of selective prosecution for violations of campaign finance laws. Mr. D'Souza accepted responsibility for his actions, and also combatted combated what combated what he believed combated what he believed to be an unfair prosecution."[7]
The pardon erased D'Souza's felony conviction and restored any rights that had been affected by it. Unlike a commutation, which reduces a sentence but leaves the conviction in place, a pardon is a complete forgiveness of the offense.
Reaction
The pardon generated immediate controversy. Critics argued that Trump was using his pardon power to reward a political ally and send a message to others that campaign finance violations would be tolerated—or even rewarded—if the violator was politically aligned with the president.[4]
Preet Bharara, the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York who had prosecuted D'Souza, responded to the pardon by reiterating that the prosecution had been handled in the normal course of business with no political interference. Bharara noted that D'Souza had pleaded guilty and that the judge had rejected his selective prosecution claims after a full hearing.[2]
New York Attorney General Barbara Underwood issued a statement condemning the pardon: "President Trump is undermining the rule of law by pardoning a political supporter who is an unapologetic convicted felon."[2]
Supporters of the pardon, including many conservative commentators, argued that D'Souza had been treated more harshly than other campaign finance violators and that the pardon appropriately corrected an injustice. They pointed to instances where other individuals accused of campaign finance violations had received civil penalties rather than criminal prosecution.[5]
Post-Pardon Career
Following his pardon, D'Souza has continued his career as a conservative commentator, author, and filmmaker. He has produced several additional documentaries and written multiple books promoting conservative viewpoints and critiquing progressive politics. His work frequently references his conviction and pardon as evidence of political persecution of conservatives.[3]
D'Souza has been criticized for attacking other political figures who have received pardons, leading some to accuse him of hypocrisy given his own acceptance of presidential clemency. In particular, his criticism of President Joe Biden's pardon of his son Hunter Biden drew responses noting D'Souza's own pardon from President Trump.[8]
Public Statements and Positions
Throughout his prosecution and afterward, D'Souza maintained that while he broke the law, his prosecution was politically motivated retaliation for his criticism of President Obama. He has characterized himself as a political prisoner and victim of a weaponized justice system, arguments that have resonated with many conservatives who share his distrust of federal law enforcement.
On campaign finance law, D'Souza has argued that the laws are overly complex and that his violation, while technically illegal, caused no real harm to anyone. He has minimized the seriousness of straw donor schemes while acknowledging that he knew his conduct was prohibited.
D'Souza has expressed gratitude to President Trump for the pardon and has remained a vocal supporter of Trump and the broader conservative movement. His work continues to provoke controversy, with critics accusing him of promoting conspiracy theories and misinformation while supporters praise him for challenging progressive orthodoxies.[3]
Terminology
- Straw Donor: A person who makes a campaign contribution using money provided by someone else, thereby disguising the true source of the funds.
- Campaign Finance Law: Federal and state laws regulating contributions to and spending by political campaigns, designed to prevent corruption and ensure transparency.
- Selective Prosecution: A defense claiming that a defendant was singled out for prosecution based on improper factors such as political views, race, or religion.
- Presidential Pardon: An executive action forgiving a federal crime and restoring civil rights affected by the conviction.
- Community Confinement: A form of custody in which an offender resides at a supervised facility but may leave for approved activities.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 FBI, "Dinesh D'Souza Sentenced in Manhattan Federal Court to Five Years of Probation for Campaign Finance Fraud," September 23, 2014, https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/newyork/news/press-releases/dinesh-dsouza-sentenced-in-manhattan-federal-court-to-five-years-of-probation-for-campaign-finance-fraud.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NPR, "Trump Pardons Dinesh D'Souza, Who Pleaded Guilty To Campaign Finance Fraud," May 31, 2018, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/31/615759943/trump-says-hell-pardon-dinesh-dsouza-who-pleaded-guilty-to-campaign-finance-frau.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Wikipedia, "Dinesh D'Souza," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Washington Post, "Trump pardons conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, suggests others also could receive clemency," May 31, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-offers-pardon-to-conservative-pundit-dinesh-dsouza-for-campaign-finance-violations/2018/05/31/b4939a08-64d5-11e8-a768-ed043e33f1dc_story.html.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 PolitiFact, "The facts behind Donald Trump's pardoning Dinesh D'Souza," May 31, 2018, https://www.politifact.com/article/2018/may/31/facts-behind-donald-trumps-pardoning-dinesh-dsouza/.
- ↑ CNBC, "Trump will pardon conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, who was convicted of campaign finance violation," May 31, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/31/trump-will-pardon-conservative-pundit-dinesh-dsouza-who-was-convicted-for.html.
- ↑ White House Archives, "Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding the Pardon of Dinesh D'Souza," May 31, 2018, https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-pardon-dinesh-dsouza/.
- ↑ Yahoo News, "Trump-pardoned filmmaker Dinesh D'Souza flamed for attacking Biden for pardoning son," 2024, https://www.yahoo.com/news/trump-pardoned-filmmaker-dinesh-d-021440550.html.